Aerodynamic Forces on Freight Trains. Volume II. Full-Scale Aerodynamic Validation Tests of Trailer-on-a-Flat Car (Series II).
Aerodynamic forces were measured on full-scale Trailer-on-a-Flat Car (TOFC) configurations and a reliable data base was established for validation of wind tunnel test programs. The drag, side and lift forces were determined on two trailers mounted on an instrumented flat car, each by means of a...