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General

Determination of a Sound Level for Railroad Horn Regulatory Compliance

The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) has undertaken a rulemaking process to address the use of locomotive horns at public highway-railroad grade crossings [1]. This rule includes a provision to regulate the sound level output of railroad horns. This letter report supports the rulemaking by...

Evaluation of LED Signal Systems

The use of light emitting diode (LED) warning signals in the railroad industry has increased due to recent technological improvements. LED signals have many potential benefits over traditional incandescent signals, including longer life, increased durability, and lower power consumption. Safety...

Retroreflective Markings on Rail Cars

Drivers and transportation experts assessed the brightness, durability, and adhesiveness of retroreflective materials designed to improve the detectability of rail cars.